Size
The Golden Retriever is a little larger on average: about 29 kg (65 lb) as an adult, against 25 kg (55 lb) for the Standard Poodle.
Shedding
Their coats shed differently: the Golden Retriever moults most as the seasons change, the Standard Poodle holds loose hair until it is brushed or clipped out.
Exercise
Plan for plenty of exercise with the Golden Retriever, and a modest amount with the Standard Poodle.
Temperament
They differ most on affection (Golden Retriever: a lap or leaning dog; Standard Poodle: affectionate on its own terms) and on loyalty (Golden Retriever: friendly with everyone; Standard Poodle: bonded to its family).
Alike
Both are rated the same on independence: keen to work with you.